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CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful gene editing tool that allows scientists to make precise and targeted changes to the DNA of an organism. Biochemically, Cas9 is a naturally occurring 160 Kilodalton protein in bacteria that is used to defend against invading viruses and…
Chaperones are specialized proteins that help to maintain proper protein folding and to prevent their aggregation during the synthesis and transport of protein molecules. Chaperones are proteins that interact with partially folded or misfolded proteins to guide them to the…
mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA molecule functioning to carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. The information as a transcript is translated by ribosomes into a protein. mRNA basically is a linear sequence of nucleotides (the…
A lot of oxygen and energy are required by nerve cells. Through the blood, they receive both. This explains why there are typically many blood vessels crisscrossing nerve tissue. But what prevents vascular and neuronal cells from colliding as they…
Real-time analysis of RNA G-quadruplexes in active cells is now possible thanks to a novel microscopic technique, which has implications for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also referred to as Stephen Hawking’s disease and Lou…
Molecular Biology is an interdisciplinary field of science that studies the structure and function of molecules in living organisms. It combines the disciplines of biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology to understand how living organisms work at a molecular level. Molecular…
DNA is a molecule with two strands. Only one strand codes for proteins at every given position in the molecule. However, during DNA replication, usually both strands are utilized. DNA replication is a very complex process and involves four important…
If you ask any biologist for a definition for base pairing, you’ll get a very similar explanation. Base pairing is the association between two nucleobases on opposite ends of a DNA or RNA molecule. The two nucleobases are held together…
The Basic Structure of Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) are the complex informational macro-molecules present in all living cells and viruses. They carry genetic information about the cell. Nucleic Acids Structure Each nucleotide unit comprising the structure of nucleic acids consists of:…
Primary Structure of DNA The sequence of nucleotide chains is the primary structure of DNA. The genetic information is stored in these channels, and while the skeleton is the same for everyone, the variation in information is found in the…